The functional microbiome of grapevine throughout plant evolutionary history and lifetime

European grapevine is a complex holobiont composed of two plant genomes, that the scion (Vitis vinifera L.) and rootstock spp.), multitude microbial genomes collectively form microbiome. The microbiome has been extensively described over last decade, primarily using metabarcoding approaches. Unfortunately, data alone provide little information on functions outcomes plant-microbe interactions. Here we review knowledge about microorganisms have demonstrated influence, positive or negative, performance holobiont. Our encompasses bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts, oomycetes viruses. It covers aboveground belowground microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal ectomycorrhizal fungi. We focus taxa protect against pathogens pests, promote growth, increase tolerance to abiotic stresses highlight those involved in disease decline. As interactions are labile, examine dynamics grapevine-microbiome both lifetime evolutionary history, beginning with domestication. Based gaps identify, suggest field sampling designs, culture-based experiments, molecular tools theoretical analysis methods, shotgun metagenomics network models, could be used future research uncover leverage full functional potential